Regulatory RNA Controls for Virulence in Staphylococcus aureus: Difference between revisions

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<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a gram-positive bacteria that is naturally found in the nasal cavity of many individuals as a commensal member of the nose microbiome. On certain occasions, most notably in clinical settings in which patients may have weakened immune systems or have recently experienced medical procedures, <i>S. aureus</i> may abnormally enter other parts of the body and cause dangerous infections <ref>[Staphylococcus aureus in Healthcare Settings. (2011, January 17). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved March 16, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/hai/organisms/staph.html]</ref>. <i>S. aureus</i> is the most common cause of Staphylococcal infections and the primary treatment to combat infection with <i>S. aureus</i> is the use of antibiotics such as methicillin <ref>[Staphylococcal Infections. (2016, August 25). MedlinePlus. Retrieved March 16, 2021, from https://medlineplus.gov/staphylococcalinfections.html]</ref>. A growing concern regarding the treatment of infection by <i>S. aureus</i> and other bacteria is the increasing presence of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria in medical settings, an issue that can be partially and temporarily addressed through the development of novel antibiotics <ref>[Cohen, M. (1992). Epidemiology of Drug Resistance: Implications for a Post-Antimicrobial Era. Science, 257(5073), 1050-1055. Retrieved March 16, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2879831l]</ref>. In order to develop effective antibiotics and better control bacterial infections, we must understand the mechanisms that control and contribute to the virulence of bacteria such as <i>S. aureus</i>. One such method of virulence control is the use of regulatory RNA molecules to control the expression and activity of virulence factors in bacteria.  
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a gram-positive bacteria that is naturally found in the nasal cavity of many individuals as a commensal member of the nose microbiome. On certain occasions, most notably in clinical settings in which patients may have weakened immune systems or have recently experienced medical procedures, <i>S. aureus</i> may abnormally enter other parts of the body and cause dangerous infections <ref>[Staphylococcus aureus in Healthcare Settings. (2011, January 17). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved March 16, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/hai/organisms/staph.html]</ref>. <i>S. aureus</i> is the most common cause of Staphylococcal infections and the primary treatment to combat infection with <i>S. aureus</i> is the use of antibiotics such as methicillin <ref>[Staphylococcal Infections. (2016, August 25). MedlinePlus. Retrieved March 16, 2021, from https://medlineplus.gov/staphylococcalinfections.html]</ref>. A growing concern regarding the treatment of infection by <i>S. aureus</i> and other bacteria is the increasing presence of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria in medical settings, an issue that can be partially and temporarily addressed through the development of novel antibiotics <ref>[Cohen, M. (1992). Epidemiology of Drug Resistance: Implications for a Post-Antimicrobial Era. Science, 257(5073), 1050-1055. Retrieved March 16, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2879831l]</ref>. In order to develop effective antibiotics and better control bacterial infections, we must understand the mechanisms that control and contribute to the virulence of bacteria such as <i>S. aureus</i>. One such method of virulence control is the use of regulatory RNA molecules to control the expression and activity of virulence factors in bacteria.  


==Section==
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Revision as of 18:44, 16 March 2021

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This illustration depicts a three-dimensional (3D), computer-generated image, of a group of Gram-positive, Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus) bacteria. The photo credit for this image belongs to Alissa Eckert, who is a medical illustrator at the CDC.


By Zachary Baker

Introduction

Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive bacteria that is naturally found in the nasal cavity of many individuals as a commensal member of the nose microbiome. On certain occasions, most notably in clinical settings in which patients may have weakened immune systems or have recently experienced medical procedures, S. aureus may abnormally enter other parts of the body and cause dangerous infections [1]. S. aureus is the most common cause of Staphylococcal infections and the primary treatment to combat infection with S. aureus is the use of antibiotics such as methicillin [2]. A growing concern regarding the treatment of infection by S. aureus and other bacteria is the increasing presence of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria in medical settings, an issue that can be partially and temporarily addressed through the development of novel antibiotics [3]. In order to develop effective antibiotics and better control bacterial infections, we must understand the mechanisms that control and contribute to the virulence of bacteria such as S. aureus. One such method of virulence control is the use of regulatory RNA molecules to control the expression and activity of virulence factors in bacteria.


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Conclusion

References

  1. ↑ [Staphylococcus aureus in Healthcare Settings. (2011, January 17). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved March 16, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/hai/organisms/staph.html]
  2. ↑ [Staphylococcal Infections. (2016, August 25). MedlinePlus. Retrieved March 16, 2021, from https://medlineplus.gov/staphylococcalinfections.html]
  3. ↑ [Cohen, M. (1992). Epidemiology of Drug Resistance: Implications for a Post-Antimicrobial Era. Science, 257(5073), 1050-1055. Retrieved March 16, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2879831l]
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Hodgkin, J. and Partridge, F.A. "Caenorhabditis elegans meets microsporidia: the nematode killers from Paris." 2008. PLoS Biology 6:2634-2637.
  5. ↑ Bartlett et al.: Oncolytic viruses as therapeutic cancer vaccines. Molecular Cancer 2013 12:103.



Authored for BIOL 238 Microbiology, taught by Joan Slonczewski, 2021, Kenyon College.

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