The Novel Microbiome of Centenarians: Difference between revisions

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Sample citations: <ref>[Sato, Y., Atarashi, K., Plichta, D.R. et al. Novel bile acid biosynthetic pathways are enriched in the microbiome of centenarians. Nature 599, 458–464 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03832-5]</ref>
Sample citations: <ref name=bile>[Sato, Y., Atarashi, K., Plichta, D.R. et al. Novel bile acid biosynthetic pathways are enriched in the microbiome of centenarians. Nature 599, 458–464 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03832-5]</ref>
<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3847443/ Bartlett et al.: Oncolytic viruses as therapeutic cancer vaccines. Molecular Cancer 2013 12:103.]</ref>
<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3847443/ Bartlett et al.: Oncolytic viruses as therapeutic cancer vaccines. Molecular Cancer 2013 12:103.]</ref>
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==Introduction==
==Introduction==
Centenarians, or individuals over 100 years of age, exhibit relatively low vulnerability to inflammation-linked illness such as heart disease and autoimmune disorders <ref>[Sato, Y., Atarashi, K., Plichta, D.R. et al. Novel bile acid biosynthetic pathways are enriched in the microbiome of centenarians. Nature 599, 458–464 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03832-5]</ref>. A variety of factors contribute to this longevity, including a lack of genetically inherited disorders and beneficial diet and exercise choices earlier in life. Appropriate exercise and nutritional choices–as well as genetic differences, such as relative levels of growth factor present in adults–have been linked with ultimately determining an individual’s lifespan. However, another key biological factor has recently been linked to the medical resiliency of these long-lived individuals: their microbial gut composition. While aging is generally linked to a reduction in microbial diversity and ability to fight infection, analysis of the gut microbiome of centenarians has revealed trends in the relative abundance of specific consequential microbial species compared to the general population.  
Centenarians, or individuals over 100 years of age, exhibit relatively low vulnerability to inflammation-linked illness such as heart disease and autoimmune disorders <ref>[Sato, Y., Atarashi, K., Plichta, D.R. et al. Novel bile acid biosynthetic pathways are enriched in the microbiome of centenarians. Nature 599, 458–464 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03832-5]</ref> A variety of factors contribute to this longevity, including a lack of genetically inherited disorders and beneficial diet and exercise choices earlier in life. Appropriate exercise and nutritional choices–as well as genetic differences, such as relative levels of growth factor present in adults–have been linked with ultimately determining an individual’s lifespan. However, another key biological factor has recently been linked to the medical resiliency of these long-lived individuals: their microbial gut composition. While aging is generally linked to a reduction in microbial diversity and ability to fight infection, analysis of the gut microbiome of centenarians has revealed trends in the relative abundance of specific consequential microbial species compared to the general population.  
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Revision as of 19:33, 11 April 2023

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Sample citations: [1] [2]

A citation code consists of a hyperlinked reference within "ref" begin and end codes.
To repeat the citation for other statements, the reference needs to have a names: "Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag A variety of factors contribute to this longevity, including a lack of genetically inherited disorders and beneficial diet and exercise choices earlier in life. Appropriate exercise and nutritional choices–as well as genetic differences, such as relative levels of growth factor present in adults–have been linked with ultimately determining an individual’s lifespan. However, another key biological factor has recently been linked to the medical resiliency of these long-lived individuals: their microbial gut composition. While aging is generally linked to a reduction in microbial diversity and ability to fight infection, analysis of the gut microbiome of centenarians has revealed trends in the relative abundance of specific consequential microbial species compared to the general population.

The Gut Microbiome and Immune Implications


Probiotic Upregulation of Memory

Bile Acid Pathways

Species Composition Changes Prior to Death

References

Sato, Y., Atarashi, K., Plichta, D.R. et al. Novel bile acid biosynthetic pathways are enriched in the microbiome of centenarians. Nature 599, 458–464 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03832-5

  1. ↑ [Sato, Y., Atarashi, K., Plichta, D.R. et al. Novel bile acid biosynthetic pathways are enriched in the microbiome of centenarians. Nature 599, 458–464 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03832-5]
  2. ↑ Bartlett et al.: Oncolytic viruses as therapeutic cancer vaccines. Molecular Cancer 2013 12:103.



Authored for BIOL 238 Microbiology, taught by Joan Slonczewski, 2023, Kenyon College

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