Transmission of T. Forsythia to humans from a dog bite
Tannerella forsythia
T. Forsythia is a bacterium found within the mouths of mammals and primates. It is mostly found in the oral cavities of humans, dogs, cats, and monkeys. When a gram stain is applied, it is known to be Gram-negative and survives under anaerobic conditions. T. Forsythia only appears in culture from the mouths of mammals with periodontal diseases. These diseases include gingivitis, which is characterized by tissue inflammation, and periodontitis, which is characterized by alveolar bone resorption and bone loss. This bacterium is labeled under the species Bacteroidetes, which led to its original name, Bacteroides forsythia. It has a short, rod-shaped body, and its lack of a flagellum or pili make it non-motile. This lack of mobility or any sort of attachment appendage causes it to be reliant on a biofilm in the form of plaque for it to attach to the surface of teeth or other periodontal tissues. They also have an S-layer comprised of glycoprotein that protects both the inner and outer membranes of the cell. []
Red Complex
T. Forsythia is a part of a group of microbes known as the “Red Complex.” This group of bacteria consists of T. Forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. All of these bacteria are typically found in the oral cavities of mammals. They all are the cause of periodontal diseases such as periodontitis and gingivitis. One of the symptoms and initial clues that these bacteria are present in the periodontal tissues is swelling, inflammation, and bleeding when probed this is where the name Red Complex comes from. If any of these symptoms are present in your dog, it is recommended that you take them to them a veterinarian because any members of the Red Complex are easily transmittable from organism to organism. []
Culture
T. Forsythia is a difficult microbe to culture because it is anaerobic. Since they require environments without Oxygen, these cultures are difficult and expensive to create. It is relatively slow growing and requires fastidious growth conditions. When cultured from bite wounds inflicted by dogs, T. Forsythia was shown to grow best in N-Acetylmuramic acid deficient conditions. N-Acetlymuramic acid is an ether of lactic acid and N-Acetylglucosamine, and is often found in the peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls. However, when T. Forsythia was cultured from human mouths, it was found that they did not grow under conditions with N-Acetylmuramic acid present. In culture, the colonies are very small and are opaque colored. T. Forsythia has also been know to be able to metabolize a range of substrates and like other enteric Bacteroides species, hydrolyzes aesculin. []
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