Treatments against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms in Cystic Fibrosis Patient Lungs: Difference between revisions
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Introduction | {{Uncurated}} | ||
=Introduction= | |||
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystic_fibrosis Cystic fibrosis] | |||
Cystic Fibrosis (CF), is the most common autosomal recessive genetic disorder of Caucasians in America. Mutations in the CFTR gene cause the chloride channel to malfunction in CF patients, leading to impaired mucociliary clearance of inhaled microbes. Principal mechanisms of lung defense against bacterial colonization include mucociliary clearance, polymorphonuclear neutrophil phagocytosis and local production of antibacterial cationic peptides. However, these defense systems are ineffective against the conditions of increased osmolarity and viscosity in the lungs, and result in chronic lung infection, most frequently by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The P. aeruginosa infections survive in the lungs of CF patients due to the adaptive mechanism of biofilm formation. Biofilms are surface attached microbial communities that are surrounded by an extracellular matrix and have great resistance to antibiotics. P. aeruginosa biofilms cause chronic infection because they resist phagocytosis, in addition to other components of the immune system, and have increased tolerance of antibiotic treatments. These bacterial populations are able to adapt to the highly compartmentalized and anatomically deteriorating lung environment of CF patients. Despite rigorous antibiotic and therapeutic therapies, chronic P. aeruginosa lung infections are rarely, if ever, eliminated permanently. | Cystic Fibrosis (CF), is the most common autosomal recessive genetic disorder of Caucasians in America. Mutations in the CFTR gene cause the chloride channel to malfunction in CF patients, leading to impaired mucociliary clearance of inhaled microbes. Principal mechanisms of lung defense against bacterial colonization include mucociliary clearance, polymorphonuclear neutrophil phagocytosis and local production of antibacterial cationic peptides. However, these defense systems are ineffective against the conditions of increased osmolarity and viscosity in the lungs, and result in chronic lung infection, most frequently by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The P. aeruginosa infections survive in the lungs of CF patients due to the adaptive mechanism of biofilm formation. Biofilms are surface attached microbial communities that are surrounded by an extracellular matrix and have great resistance to antibiotics. P. aeruginosa biofilms cause chronic infection because they resist phagocytosis, in addition to other components of the immune system, and have increased tolerance of antibiotic treatments. These bacterial populations are able to adapt to the highly compartmentalized and anatomically deteriorating lung environment of CF patients. Despite rigorous antibiotic and therapeutic therapies, chronic P. aeruginosa lung infections are rarely, if ever, eliminated permanently. | ||
Revision as of 02:50, 11 March 2014
Introduction
Cystic fibrosis Cystic Fibrosis (CF), is the most common autosomal recessive genetic disorder of Caucasians in America. Mutations in the CFTR gene cause the chloride channel to malfunction in CF patients, leading to impaired mucociliary clearance of inhaled microbes. Principal mechanisms of lung defense against bacterial colonization include mucociliary clearance, polymorphonuclear neutrophil phagocytosis and local production of antibacterial cationic peptides. However, these defense systems are ineffective against the conditions of increased osmolarity and viscosity in the lungs, and result in chronic lung infection, most frequently by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The P. aeruginosa infections survive in the lungs of CF patients due to the adaptive mechanism of biofilm formation. Biofilms are surface attached microbial communities that are surrounded by an extracellular matrix and have great resistance to antibiotics. P. aeruginosa biofilms cause chronic infection because they resist phagocytosis, in addition to other components of the immune system, and have increased tolerance of antibiotic treatments. These bacterial populations are able to adapt to the highly compartmentalized and anatomically deteriorating lung environment of CF patients. Despite rigorous antibiotic and therapeutic therapies, chronic P. aeruginosa lung infections are rarely, if ever, eliminated permanently.
