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...to <i>Methanosarcina</i> species is the S-layer protein that surrounds the cytoplasm-containing membrane. <ref name = (2)/> In a 2012 study conducted on S-laye

...infection cycle by joining to the cell surface and embedding into the host cytoplasm via endocytosis. After which, the viral cycle begins again.

...picture above appears to show a long chain of magnetosomes floating in the cytoplasm, this is not the case. The MamAB operon encodes MamK, an active protein tha

...ion by DsbA activity prevents the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the cytoplasm, which would otherwise lead to cell death [[#References|[15]]]. In additio

...transcription of viral RNA, <i>Rev</i> helps to transport unspliced RNA to cytoplasm, and <i>Nef</i> coordinates the down-regulation of CD4 and MHCI proteins on

...al fusion protein. The virus then introduces its genetic material into the cytoplasm of the host cell, followed by subsequent transcription through viral RNA la

...Bs are re-differentiated into an infectious EBs that are released into the cytoplasm to initiate new cycles in new host cells. [[#References|[16]]]

...act as 'iron rivets' (detailed under Metabolism section). While the low pH cytoplasm and the iron supported protein structures could be the potential reason for

...v-drugs/#c2=2]</sup>. After attachment, the viral RNA is put into the cell cytoplasm, a cDNA copy is made from the viral RNA by reverse transcriptase and then m

...ubstrate is located. The zoospore attaches itself, feeds off its host; the cytoplasm grows, meiotic divisions occur, and a cell wall forms around the original z

...order to maintain the structure and function of proteins in a high saline cytoplasm. The acidic residues in these proteins are mostly present on the surface of

...vRNA can then follow either of two pathways, as it can be exported to the cytoplasm and translated or can remain in the nucleus (Fig 5) [10].

...tructures’ on its surface. The organism also exhibits a compartmentalized cytoplasm -- a rare find in bacteria. The anammoxosome, one of the cellular compartm

...microscopy to have the same structure as a typical cyanacobacteria[1]. The cytoplasm holds DNA fibrils, carboxyzomes, and glycogen granules, which can be found

...tem have no mitochondrial signaling pathways and instead act solely in the cytoplasm. <i>Monocercomonoides</i>’ SUF system retains all major catalytic sites o

...m both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Fermentation is performed in the cytoplasm when there is little to no oxygen present and an abundance of fermentable s

...t escape from the vacuole in which it was internalized before entering the cytoplasm to grow and replicate. Again LLO is the protein responsible for pore forma ...smic reticulum (9), additionally contributing to the excess of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm (8).

...inactive metals like Ag can release coordinated, intracellular Fe into the cytoplasm and contribute to ROS formation [[#References|(13)]].

...iki/Endosome/ endosomes], and then slowly leave the endosome and enter the cytoplasm prior to the DNA gaining access to the nucleus for replication," (Hueffer e

...host cell. <I>B. exovorus</I> releases hydrolytic enzymes into the host's cytoplasm, degrading its contents and transporting them back to the cell surface for