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...on the surface of a brown microalgae in the Gambier Islands[[#References |[2]]]. ...Jania and other algal host species through a mucus thread [[#References |[2]]], and as such, this attachment does not occur in dry environments [[#Refe

...e shown that transforming CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells with a CCR5 short hairpin RNA gene, a TRIM5α gene, and a transactivation response element ge ...s well as well as regulatory genes that modulate host interactions (figure 2). The ''gag'' gene is responsible for glycoprotein structure, the ''env'' g

...genes arranged in two unique regions, the long unique region (UL) and the short unique region (US), flanked by inverted repeats [16,24]. <br>Protein coding genes are transcribed by host RNA polymerase II [2]. The first genes to be expressed during infection, immediate early genes,

...rption. [http://coloncancer.about.com/od/glossaries/g/Large_Intestine.htm (2)] ...rectum prior to excretion, and metabolizing undigested polysaccharides to short-chain fatty acids, which are passively absorbed for energy use. [http://en.

=2. Description and significance= ...actors that contribute to aphids’ high adaptability are poorly understood [2][8]. Potyvirus can cause a widespread negative impact on the entire agricul

[[Image:4441009a-f1.2.jpg|thumb|330px|right|"The human gut and (inset) a scanning electron microg ...cteria</i>, and <i>Verrucobacteria</i> are frequently established as well (2, 6).

...taminated blood, and from mother to child in utero being the primary ones [2]. <br><br> ...for a successful HIV- pregnancy: 1) antiretroviral therapy for the mother, 2) semen washing (if the father is HIV+), 3) alternative insemination, 4) spe

...iplets, etc.), primiparity (the number of offspring female has borne), and short intervals of time between pregnancies, increase risk of preterm birth.<ref ...or individuals, preterm birth incurs high societal costs, estimated at $26.2 billion yearly.<ref name='fifteen'></ref><ref name=three/><ref name='two'><

[[Image:plasmodiumlifecycle.png|thumb|450px|left|'''Figure 2:''' The malaria parasite life cycle.<ref>[CDC. 2019. “CDC - DPDx - Malari ...d by an abnormally high fever. Such symptoms happen in paroxysms, known as short bursts, which correspond to the rupture of the infected red blood cells. T

...3, it was estimated that 35 million people were living with HIV, with over 2 million new infections that year<sup>[https://www.aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/ ...utate and adapt (Novitsky et al. 2010).^{[http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/2/1/33 6]}]]

...ble for releasing greenhouse gases (N₂O, CH₄, CO₂) into the atmosphere. <ref>United States Environmental Protection Age Oxygen gas (O₂) is one of the most favorable electron acceptors, but it is typically

...ly smaller than the genome; pFRP1-1 is about 297 kbp in length while pFRP1-2 is about half of that size, at 121 kbp in length. All in all, the genetic m ...in terms of degree of branching, primary mode of growth, and diameter (0.3-2μm). These hyphae often fragment into rod- or oval-shaped elements as they

...intramolecular repulsion and repulsion of adjacent cationic polymers (Fig. 2). This novel antibacterial agent has such an overarching, destructive effec [[Image:7922notw3.ce.JPG|thumb|300px|right| Fig. 2. Highlights the active portion of hexyl PVP. [http://pubs.acs.org/cen/topst

...ble for releasing greenhouse gases (N₂O, CH₄, CO₂) into the atmosphere. <ref>United States Environmental Protection Age Oxygen gas (O₂) is one of the most favorable electron acceptors, but it is typically

...right-sided colon Crohn’s disease. Corticosteroids are only effective for short-term acute episodes and are not recommended for long-term use due to variou <br>2. Prepare fecal suspension by adding 0.5-1L of 0.9% saline to the blender a

is 2,160,842 base pairs long. The circular double-stranded DNA has a guanine-cyt ...-motile, non-spore forming, lancet-shaped mesophile that grows in pairs or short chains. It is classified as Gram-positive, having a cell membrane surrounde

...onary history, biology, and an uncertain future." Journal of mammalogy 100.2 (2019): 308-327.</ref> ...onary history, biology, and an uncertain future." Journal of mammalogy 100.2 (2019): 308-327.</ref>

...neural, hormonal, metabolic, and immune-mediated mechanisms.[[#References|[2]]] ...rld's population according to The World Health Organization.[[#References|[2]]] The two comorbid conditions are seen to dually affect approximately 60%

...cause of the rapid extinction and reestablishment of populations given the short lifespan of hydrothermal vents. Therefore the lack of genetic diversificati ...'' to position itself in the tube, and the richly vascularized trophosome [2]. ''R. pachyptila'' does not have a digestive tract and must live in an obl

[[Image:skin layers3.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Figure 2: A diagram of the different skin layers. Source: Alonso & Fuchs (2003)]] ...cells, which are usually below several layers of epithelial cells (Figure 2).