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...virus_picture.png|thumb|300px|right|Legend. SDMV was discovered inside the cytoplasm of Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivrius (APMV).]] The SDMV was discovered inside the cytoplasm of A. polyphaga. The Saudi moumouvirus is the first organism in the Mimivir

...polyadenylated transcripts. mRNAs leave the core and get translated in the cytoplasm. The segmented genome allows for possible reassortment, something that has ...ave been self-asembled and have accumulated in the inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm of the cell.

...outside of the nucleus. While AID has a half life of around 8 hours in the cytoplasm, nuclear AID has a half life of only about 2.5 hours due to higher levels o

...t|Electron micrographs of ''H. butylicus''. Cells connected by a string of cytoplasm. From [http://jb.asm.org/cgi/reprint/172/7/3959 Zillig, W. et al. "''Hypert ...e ones that grow in higher temperature often contain vacuoles within their cytoplasm, sometimes immediately below the S layer.

...the cytoplasm outside the nuclear body (C) is a different texture than the cytoplasm located inside the nuclear body (G). Bar = 0.5 micrometers. From[http://www ...ucleoid that is surrounded by electron-dense granules (the contents of the cytoplasm outside of the nuclear body is different and less-electron dense). Both the

...io-luminescence when agitated through a luciferin-luciferase system in its cytoplasm. These planktonic dinoflagellates can bloom into "red tides" as a result of ...curs in thousands of "microsources", small organelles found throughout the cytoplasm that contains the molecule luciferin and the enzyme luciferase that catalyz

...rypsin in the intestine. Intermediate subviral particles may pass into the cytoplasm by the endosmal pathway or directly. (Also see [[Reoviridae]])

...f the Picornavirus replication process. Replication occurs entirely in the cytoplasm and can even occur in enucleated cells and is not inhibited by actinomycin ...o the cell via a membrane receptor. There is an assembly of virions in the cytoplasm followed by the aggregation of the new virus. Cell lysis takes place, after

The rotavirus replicates in the cytoplasm of the host cell. Virions enter the host cell by endocytosis and viral mRNA ...rus replication. This occurs when the virion makes direct contact with the cytoplasm. The rough endoplasmic reticulum retains the outer capsid lycoprotein VP7.

The replication of the poxvirus occurs in the cytoplasm. The virus is suficiently complex and has acquired all the functions necess ...e cytoplasm, the particle is further uncoated and the core passes into the cytoplasm. Gene expression is carried out by viral enzymes associated with the core a

...mibiensis''. The inset demonstrates the outer cell wall, the thin layer of cytoplasm lining it, and the large liquid vacuole within the cell. Image from [http:/

...cell through a membrane channel. Virus replication occurs entirely in the cytoplasm. The host cell's transcription processes are shut off to a degree that vari

...es [[#References | [2]]]. Transcription and replication takes place in the cytoplasm of host cell [[#References | [5]]]. During replication cycle, each segment ...(RNP) made of viral genomic RNA segment and N protein is released into the cytoplasm. The viral polymerase attached to RNP causes transcription resulting into s

...otect it from degredation. It is crucial for the virus to replicate in the cytoplasm so that it can use the ribosome of the host cell to translate it's viral RN

...locked when the late genes are expressed. Viral mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm and translated instead. Virus assembly occurs. Finally, the host cell dies

...dn't have the vacuolar membrane and directly interacted with the host cell cytoplasm. Most bacterium presented a pili-like structure expanding around the bacter

...structure of a prokaryote. The cells replicate within pig epithelial cell cytoplasm and are not enclosed by membrane-bound vacuoles(1). ...stinal proliferating crypt epithelial cells and multiply within the apical cytoplasm" (2).

...to the prey which allows the Vampirococcus bacterium to degrade the preys cytoplasm [4]. ...mpirococcus cell releases enzymes to break down the prey Chromatium cell's cytoplasm, allowing it to "suck out" its cellular components [2]. The freshwater sulf

...icle, which is then inserted in the cytoplasm of the host cell. Within the cytoplasm, new virions are self-assembled. These virus particles are released from th

...transcription-- neither can function alone-- and replication occurs in the cytoplasm. Five monocistronic mRNAs are produced, capped at the 5' end and polyadenyl ...cell factors are not yet known. These events all occur in a portion of the cytoplasm which acts as a virus 'factory' and appears as a charecteristic cytoplasmic

...uoles reduce the size of effective cytoplasm (Kalanetra et al. 2005). The cytoplasm of T. namibiensis is a thin layer of approximately 1-2 micrometres surround ...due to the large central vacuoles which limit the volume of the effective cytoplasm.

...ion with various proteins restricted to certain areas. In addition to the cytoplasm, Gram-negative bacteria must selectively localize proteins to the inner mem =Cytoplasm=

...aminic acid receptor. Virus then invades cell by endocytosis into the cell cytoplasm, where new virions are replicated and released back into the respiratory tr

...es which house the chlorophyll within the cells) located in the peripheral cytoplasm of the bacteria's cells. This feature is one of the bases for the hypothesi

...ratio many bacteria have developed morphologies in order to maintain their cytoplasm no less than a micron away from its outside environment. There are two type ...r vacuoles for later consumption. The Thiomargarita namibiensis also has a cytoplasm that runs along the perimeter of the cell so as to amplify the extra space

...cidic environments by repelling protons and keeping pH near neutral in the cytoplasm.[[#References|[4]]] ...main product of photosynthesis, it can occupy more than 50% of the cell's cytoplasm. [[#References|[2]]]

[[Image:Untitled-2.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Cell surface and cytoplasm of a ''Thermosphaera'' cell. [http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/content/abstra

...about eight days. Replication of the O’nyong’nyong virus occurs within the cytoplasm, where virions mature by budding through the plasma membrane and virus-enco

...a rod-shaped, gram-negative bacteria that can be found in vacuoles in the cytoplasm and is predominantly pleomorphic, meaning it can be found in a variety of s ...a, 1991). The organism was coated with multiple fimbriae and blebs and the cytoplasm was found to inherit electron-dense polar bodies (Chandra, 1991). ''K. gran

[[Image:Untitled-2.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Cell surface and cytoplasm of a ''Thermosphaera'' cell. [http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/content/abstra

...ize, length, volume, daily cycle, method of reproduction, and nucleoid and cytoplasm structure. However, the isolation and sequencing of the gene encoding the 1 ...is condensed in a chromosome-like fashion and is separated from the outer cytoplasm. From [http://jb.asm.org/cgi/content/full/180/21/5601?view=full&pmid=979110

The replication of birnaviruses takes place in the cytoplasm. The dsRNA serves as a template for the production of mRNA (+) and progeny

...oront stage the microbe becomes elongated and oval and consists of a dense cytoplasm, yet there is no distinct internal structures. The third stage is the Sporo

...outside of the nucleus. While AID has a half life of around 8 hours in the cytoplasm, nuclear AID has a half life of only about 2.5 hours due to higher levels o

...> can react with phosphate, the energy source of life, its presence in the cytoplasm will prevent energy metabolism and other cellular activities from taking pl ...ps located on the nucleus membrane, and the influx of Ca²⁺ into cytoplasm is likely caused by the interaction of ROS with channel proteins.<ref name=

...f the Picornavirus replication process. Replication occurs entirely in the cytoplasm and can even occur in enucleated cells and is not inhibited by actinomycin ...f the Picornavirus replication process. Replication occurs entirely in the cytoplasm and can even occur in enucleated cells and is not inhibited by actinomycin

...lar organisms consisting mainly of cytoplasm and a flexible cell wall. The cytoplasm is capable of changing states. The amoeboid body form is not unique to amoe

...he γ-proteobacteria, called ''Moranella endobia'', which reside within the cytoplasm of the β-proteobacteria, identified as ''Tremblaya princeps'' [5][1].

...le-strand structure. This is done by the virally-encoded polymerase in the cytoplasm that is one of the core proteins whereas the cell's DNA polymerase is in th ...positive strand c-RNA, 3500 bases, is encapsidatd by core proteins in the cytoplasm. Inside the core, the RNA is transcribed to minus strand DNA by the same DN

...ar-shaped. Its appears circular and dark brown under a microscope. In it's cytoplasm in contains digestive vaculoes and starch granules.

...the contents of the fungal peg, but the contents never directly enter the cytoplasm of the cell. It is thought that the bursting of the fungal peg provides a s

...oscopy indicated a fusion between the mycoplasma cells and the host cells' cytoplasm. The replication-associated recombination protein A (rarA) gene and the F0F ...ly restricted to the cytosolic fraction. The ability of ''M. salivarium''s cytoplasm to scavenge oxidants was heat stable and unaffected by sodium azide or exte

...to survive in its high-saline habitat by preventing the dehydration of its cytoplasm. To do this they use a solute which is either found in their cell structure

...rosthecae. Prosthecae are narrow extensions of the cell wall. They contain cytoplasm. ''Prosthecobacter'' have a single polar prosthecae. ''Prosthecobacter'' ha

...rom the roots. It infects cells through penetration by effraction into the cytoplasm, performs transcription and replication, then when enough capped m-RNA's ar

...me length DNA is used as a template. The progeny DNA is transported to the cytoplasm where large concatamers are formed. The concatemers are then packaged into

...r nuclei that arrange themselves on the edges of the microgametocyte where cytoplasm develops into thin projections where nuclei enter then break off into male ...inues to divide and create daughter nuclei, developing vacuoles within the cytoplasm within along with cytoplasmic masses. These masses elongate and house the d

2. Uncoating, and release of the viral genomic RNA into the cytoplasm. The precise process of uncoating the CYSDV genome remains unclear. 3. The viral RNA is translated in the cytoplasm by host ribosomes to make RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

...pherical, oval-shaped or slightly elongated. The hydrogenosomes located in cytoplasm with the smooth membrane and homogeneously granular matrix. They were obser Digestive vacuole (DV)/food vacuole: DV was normally found in cytoplasm, and it might contain bacteria, rice starch and myelin configurations. The

...limicola has cell walls characteristic of Gram-negative bacteria, a dense cytoplasm, and an outer membrane with a waved structure. Electron donors and carbon