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...]) and structural cell wall biopolymers (cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, lignin). Non-structural components of plant litter are considered labile, whereas ===Lignin===

...oxidizing agents (hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals) used to cleave the lignin bonds. [3] ...de possible by the production of extracellular enzymes. Components such as lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase take part in the remediation of various

...re with more than 12 types of chemical linkages. The insoluble property of lignin makes it resistant to most forms of biodegradation [8]. ...ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/pmc/articles/PMC2529026/figure/F1/ Lignin biodegradation reactions.side-chain oxidation/cleavage, ring hydroxylation,

...be the key to the mystery of how higher termites handle the degradation of lignin. (Figure 2) ...lic fermentation processes are credited to the flagellates, but similar to lignin degradation, less is known about the fermentation processes of higher termi

...can degrade and recycle several different aromatic compounds that make up lignin, the "main constituent of wood and the second most abundant polymer on eart ...cterium degrades several types of carbon-containing compounds like sugars, lignin, monomers, and methanol through respiration (DOE).

...soils of forest and bogs, and particularly isolated from wood colonized by lignin-degrading white-rot fungi. Paraburkholderia is an environmental bacteria t ...madseniana was adept at breaking down the aromatic hydrocarbons making up lignin, a major component of plant biomass (1). Little is known of the mechanisms

...wide range of pH. Their high toxicity tolerance stems from that fact that lignin and the enzymes that degrade it are nonspecific so they are also able to br

...ed metabolic pathways involve the lignolytic enzymes manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidase, and cellobiose dehydrogenase (Hattaka 1994). ...ents of plants, which get their strength and rigidity from an abundance of lignin, into a form usable by other organisms. Most of the wood-decaying fungi und

...ia through the formation of extensive hyphal networks and (2) non-specific lignin degradation enzymes that are able to break down many structurally diverse c ...; also called white rot fungi, they are known for their ability to degrade lignin, a naturally occurring polyaromatic compound degraded using relatively non-

...ucan and other content compound of the timber that binds the cellulose and lignin together to form wood. This allows insects and other small creatures to fee

...terial necessary for plant support and strength, limiting its capacity for lignin elimination [[#References |[1]]], [[#References |[2]]]. Little is still kno

...king down the polysaccharides within wood, only leaving behind unconnected lignin and cellulose (1,2).

...ecompose wood lignin, this taxa decompose cellulose and minimally distorts lignin to achieve its goal, generating its brown-rot appearance [13]. ''L. sulphur ...Abdel-Hamid, A. M., Solbiati, J. O. & Cann, I. K. O. (2013). Insights into lignin degradation and its potential industrial applications. Advances in Applied

...ansformed in fungi tissue and 94% of fungi have enzymes capable to degrade lignin, that is a important component of wood cells in trees (Sylvia, D., et al. 2 ...degradation of organic compounds as: cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and lignin.(Sylvia,D. et al., 2005).

...for <i>R. palustris</i> to break down a host of organic molecules, such as lignin and a variety of fatty acids. Interestingly, there is code for two separat ...osine diphosphate (ADP). Various organic molecules and compounds (such as lignin) are used as food/electron donors, and are metabolized in a process powered

...a polysaccharide, but rather is a complex network of phenyl-propane units. Lignin is interwoven through the plant’s cellulose, providing structural support ...t must be separated from the carbohydrates. But even after separation from lignin, the remaining cellulose and hemicellulose is still resistant to digestion

...diation because they can degrade all major plant cell wall polymers except lignin and pectin (2). The cellulose-decomposing capabilities of this organism ar

...are varied. Plant residues are comprised of many complex polymers such as lignin and cellulose and contains water-soluble organic compounds such as proteins =====<span style="color:black">Lignin</span>=====

...is more easily decomposed compared to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignin Lignin]. The two major end product in the carbon cycle after decomposition is carb

...e carbohydrate polymers (cellulose and hemicellulose) are tightly bound to lignin and together they give a plant its rigidity. The production of ethanol from

...:Lignocellulose.png|300px|thumb|right| Lignocellulose structure, including lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose [[#References|[6]]].]]

...c conditions, <i>R. palustris</i> utilizes organic compounds, most notably lignin monomers as a source of carbon<ref>[http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/v22/n ...mounts, <i>R. palustris</i> can synthesize other organic compounds, namely lignin, in order for the cell to form its own organic compounds for use in the cel

...al significance and environmental contribution: Bioethanol conversion from lignin and cellulose made possible by Pichia Stipitis.''. Image from [http://www.

...aning up such polluted areas (4).Treatment with xylanase appears to loosen lignin surrounding cellulose fiber bundles and thereby reduces the need to utilize

...coccus ruber R1, a Novel Strain Showing a Broad Catabolic Potential toward Lignin-Derived Aromatics. Microbiology Resource Announcements 2020, 9.]

...e presence of oxygen it catabolizes a range of hydrocarbons from sugars to lignin; however it can switch to photosynthesis in the absence of oxygen. It is in

...e breakdown of numerous plant polysaccharides, including cellulose, xylan, lignin, glucan, and pectin, as well as transporter systems for the import of the r

...In addition, white rot fungi are highly advantageous because they degrade lignin extracellularly through its hyphal extension. This allows them to access so ...to target specific PAHs. Fungi produce extracellular enzymes that degrade lignin, a process called mineralization the produces carbon dioxide as the end pro

...nzymes that can break down large molecules, such as cellulose, chitin, and lignin, into smaller compounds that can be taken up by the biota.

...o break down methoxyphenolic compounds produced through the degradation of lignin--the major structural component of wood--suggesting these organisms are par

...Fenton chemistry], which breaks down [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignin lignin] from plant cell walls to gain nutritional elements <ref name=aa/>. Interes

Kuntzner [18] noted that S. neyagawaensis can digest cellulose and lignin. In a study identifying it as a component of the gut microbiome of Emerald

...n SA treatment is a significant finding as the compound is a precursor for lignin, that is biosynthesized via the phenylpropanoid pathway. It was previously

...cap. These newly removed cells consist of cellulose, pectin, starch, and lignin, in which they are often highly recalcitrant and therefore contribute to hi ...ake. Manganese and iron are vital nutrients that play a tantamount role in lignin synthesis, ultimately increasing resistance from soil-borne plant pathogens

...ts The passive SOM is unable to be decomposed by microbes and is higher in lignin <ref name=hoorman/>. Passive SOM is the portion that acts as a carbon sink.

...iki/Hemicellulose hemicellulose], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignin lignin].[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17714384 ¹⁵] Due to its he

...BENNER AND ROBERT E. HODSON,"Thermophilic Anaerobic Biodegradation of [14C]Lignin,[14C]Cellulose, and [14C]Lignocellulose Preparations." APPLIED AND ENVIRONM

...arious factors other than the C/N ratio may alter the equilibrium, such as lignin content, the moisture of the material being broken down, and the pH of the

...nces of these waste products comes in the form of sawdust, a nutrient poor lignin rich substance that, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, truly

..., but they contain complex carbohydrates like cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin that require more enzymatic power to digest. Herbivores have evolved enlarg

...n generally feed on contents in the rumen which are composed of cellulose, lignin, starch, oil and protein. Through this decomposition as well as interactio

...ne oligotrophs. Some of these include; sulfonate degradation, oxidation of lignin-related compounds, and the use of hydroxylamine oxidoreductase to generate